Version-1 (Jan-Feb 2015)
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | An Assessment on Food Security in Developing Economies-Problems and Policy Initiatives |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | Dr. G.L. Parvathamma |
Abstract: Food is a basic necessity of life. Yet more than 800 million people in developing countries are not getting enough of it. Food security is a condition related to the ongoing availability of food. According to the Food (FAO), food security "exists when all people, at all times, have physical and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food to meet their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life". Individuals who are food secure do not live in hunger or fear of starvation. Food security indicators and measures are derived from country level household income and expenditure surveys to estimate per capita caloric availability.
[1]. "Maplecrof.com". Maplecroft.com. Retrieved 2013-11-02. Raj Patel (20 Nov 2013). "Raj Patel: 'Food sovereignty' is next big idea" ((registration required)). Financial Times. Retrieved 17 Jan 2014.
[2]. Food and Agriculture Organization (November 1996)."Rome Declaration on Food Security and World Food Summit Plan of Action". Retrieved 26 October 2013.
[3]. "Food Security in the United States: Measuring Household Food Security". USDA. Retrieved 2008-02-23.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | An Explanatory Analysis of the Economic and Social Impact of Corruption in Zimbabwe |
| Country | : | Zimbabwe |
| Authors | : | Wellington Garikai Bonga || Johannes Chiminya || Calvin Mudzingiri |
Abstract: Corruption is a complex social phenomenon, which in addition to political and economic factors, also has deeply rooted cultural causes and social traditions which largely determine its existence and extent. Corruption itself in a certain sense is as old as human civilisation and it occurs everywhere in the world, in all political-economic systems. The social and economic impact of corruption is greater in developing nations than developed world. This paper discusses various definitions of corruption, their impacts to economic development, the detectability of corruption and ways to minimise corruption levels. The study has found many ways that may be followed by individuals, the government, business and anti-corruption bodies to reduce the level of corruption.
Key Words: Corruption, Social Factors, Economic Factors, Government Solutions, Individual Solutions, Zimbabwe.
[1]. Alberto Aldes and Fafael di Tella (2003), "Rents, Competition and Corruption," The American Economic Review, Volume 89, Issue 4.
[2]. Ali Al-Sadig (2009), "The Effects of Corruption on FDI Inflows," Cato Journal, Vol. 29, No. 2 (Spring/Summer 2009).
[3]. Boehm Fredrick (2007), "Regulatory Capture Revisited – Lessons from Economics of Corruption," Anti-Corruption Training & Consulting (ACTC), and Research Center in Political Economy (CIEP, Universidad Externado de Colombia).
[4]. Bryan B. Coleman (2011), "THE IMPACTS OF CORRUPTION ON ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN AFGHANISTAN: A STUDY OF THE EFFECTS OF NEPOTISM AND BRIBERY" Indiana University of Pennsylvania, Indiana, Pennsylvania.
[5]. Chakrabarti, A. (2001) "The Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment: Sensitivity Analyses of Cross-Country Regression." Kyklos 54 (1): 89–114.
[6]. Harry Seldadyo Gunardi (2008), "CORRUPTION AND GOVERNANCE AROUND THE WORLD: An Empirical Investigation" PPI Publishers, Enschede, The Netherlands.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Tax Elasticity, Buoyancy and Stability in Zimbabwe |
| Country | : | Zimbabwe |
| Authors | : | Wellington Garikai Bonga || Netsai Lizzy Dhoro-Gwaendepi || Fungayi Mawire-Van Strien |
Abstract:Tax elasticity and buoyancy estimates are the dynamic tools for measuring the tax performance. The main objectives of the study are to explore the tax system performance of Zimbabwe through the traditional tax ratio trends, dynamic measures tax buoyancy and tax elasticity. The study has applied traditional regression approach and the Dummy Variable Approach to calculate tax buoyancy. For the study period 2000 – 2013, both methods have yielded a tax buoyancy statistic of 1.013 (more than unitary) implying that the tax system is responsive to growth in national income. Using the Dummy Variable Approach, the study revealed that there is no significant differences in tax performance for the Zimbabwean Dollar Era and the Dollarisation Era. In an effort to enhance efficiency in government operations, the study has highlighted parastatals inefficiency that need immediate attention. Tax ratio trend has revealed an increase in effort over the dollarisation period.
Key Words: Tax Buoyancy, Elasticity, Tax Stability, Tax Ratio, Revenue Performance, Parastatal, GDP, Zimbabwe.
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[4]. Bonga Wellington G. (2009), "An Empirical Analysis Of The Determinants Of Tax Bouyancy In Developing Nations: An Experience From The Sadc Economies Using Panel Data Analysis", MSc Thesis, University of Zimbabwe.
[5]. Dadibhavi R. V., (1990), "Composition and Buoyancy of Karnataka State Taxes", ArthaVikas, Vol 26, No. 1-2
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[7]. Government of India (2004), Report of 12th Finance Commission, Ministry of Finance, New Delhi.